The Silent Danger of High Cholesterol

High cholesterol is often called a “silent condition” because it typically causes no noticeable symptoms. Many people—especially older adults—may have elevated cholesterol levels for years without realizing it. Cholesterol builds up in the arteries over time, forming plaque that narrows and stiffens blood vessels, a condition known as atherosclerosis. Because this process develops gradually, the only reliable way to know if you have high cholesterol is through a blood test called a lipid panel, which measures total cholesterol, LDL (“bad”) cholesterol, HDL (“good”) cholesterol, and triglycerides.

Although high cholesterol itself does not usually produce symptoms, certain warning signs may appear once it begins to affect circulation. These can include chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, or leg pain during walking, which may indicate reduced blood flow due to plaque buildup. In more advanced cases, cholesterol deposits can form visible fatty growths under the skin called xanthomas, or a grayish-white ring around the cornea known as corneal arcus—both of which should prompt medical evaluation, particularly in younger individuals.

Risk factors can also signal a higher likelihood of high cholesterol. These include a family history of heart disease, a diet high in saturated and trans fats, physical inactivity, obesity, smoking, diabetes, and advancing age. After menopause, women may see cholesterol levels rise due to hormonal changes. Because risk increases with age, adults are generally advised to have cholesterol checked regularly, even if they feel healthy.

Knowing your cholesterol numbers empowers you to take preventive action. Lifestyle changes such as eating a heart-healthy diet, increasing physical activity, maintaining a healthy weight, and quitting smoking can improve cholesterol levels. When lifestyle measures are not enough, healthcare providers may recommend medication to reduce cardiovascular risk. Early detection and management are key to preventing heart attack, stroke, and other complications linked to high cholesterol.

For more information about high cholesterol from the American Medical Association, CLICK HERE.