What to Know About Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting older adults, with risk increasing significantly after age 50. The disease begins in the colon or rectum, often as small, noncancerous growths called polyps that can develop into cancer over time. Because these changes can occur slowly and without symptoms, routine screening is essential for early detection, when treatment is most effective and survival rates are highest.

Older adults should be aware of potential warning signs, although symptoms may not appear until the disease has progressed. These can include persistent changes in bowel habits (such as diarrhea or constipation), blood in the stool, unexplained weight loss, abdominal discomfort, fatigue, or a feeling that the bowel does not empty completely. However, many of these symptoms can be mistaken for common digestive issues or age-related changes, which is why regular screening remains critical even in the absence of noticeable problems.

Screening options for colorectal cancer include colonoscopy, stool-based tests, and other imaging methods. Colonoscopy is considered the gold standard because it allows physicians to detect and remove polyps during the same procedure, preventing cancer from developing. Guidelines generally recommend routine screening through age 75, with individualized decisions for adults ages 76 to 85 based on overall health, life expectancy, and prior screening history. Early detection not only improves treatment outcomes but can also reduce the need for more aggressive therapies.

Lifestyle factors play an important role in colorectal cancer risk and prevention. Maintaining a healthy diet rich in fiber, fruits, and vegetables; staying physically active; limiting red and processed meats; avoiding tobacco; and moderating alcohol intake can all help lower risk. For older adults, staying informed, keeping up with recommended screenings, and discussing any new digestive symptoms with a healthcare provider are key steps in protecting long-term health and well-being.

For additional information on colorectal cancer in older adults, from the Mayo Clinic, CLICK HERE.